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Lead is a highly toxic metal that can affect almost every organ in the body and the nervous system, especially in children who are still growing and developing. Water in Massachusetts starts out lead free, but when the water travels through water service lines and internal plumbing fixtures made of lead, it collects lead particles that travel with the water, out of the tap, and directly into our bodies.  

Children under six and pregnant people are the most vulnerable to lead exposures with children potentially suffering permanently reduced cognitive ability. However, scientists and doctors all agree that there is NO safe level of exposure for children or adults.

Health Impacts of Lead


What is a lead service line (LSL)?

Your service line is the pipe that connects your home or apartment building to the water main for the street. While Congress banned lead service lines in 1986, many residences in Massachusetts were built before that ban, and unfortunately, many homes are still served by lead service lines.  

The portion of the service line that runs from the water main to the sidewalk is public, meaning it is the responsibility of the municipality or utility to maintain or replace it. The portion of the service line running from the sidewalk into your home is private, meaning it is the homeowner or landlord’s responsibility.  

Federal legislation including the Bipartisan Infrastructure Act and the American Rescue Plan Act designated billions of dollars of federal spending to replace lead pipes. Additionally, updates to the Lead and Copper Rule mean that all lead service lines must be replaced in the next 10 years. We are working with municipalities to ensure they can access federal funds. If you are a renter, and your landlord is slow to replace the lead service line, remind them of this federal deadline. These funds may not always be available, and this work improves their property value and the health of their tenants.

How can I learn more about lead in water?

  • MassDEP lead information: Learn about local regulations, find contact information for municipal water providers, and find out more information about free testing for lead in the drinking water of schools and childcare facilities.
  • EPA lead in water information: Learn about the health impacts of lead and how to identify lead service lines.
  • Lead Service Line Collaborative: A great starting point for community leaders and elected officials working to help replace lead service lines.
  • Mass.gov Tenants’ Rights Page: Being a renter doesn’t mean you have to live in unsafe conditions. This website ensures you know your rights.